Hanseníase no Brasil: reconheça os sintomas e a urgência do diagnóstico precoce

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Com mais de 19 mil novos casos em 2023, o Brasil é o segundo país com maior incidência da doença; identificar sinais precoces é crucial para o tratamento eficaz.

A hanseníase, doença infecciosa milenar causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium leprae, continua sendo um desafio significativo para a saúde pública no Brasil.

Em 2023, o país registrou 19.219 novos casos entre janeiro e novembro, representando um aumento de 5% em relação ao mesmo período de 2022.

Esses números posicionam o Brasil como o segundo país com mais casos de hanseníase no mundo, atrás apenas da Índia.

Depto. de Jornalismo – Naves Coelho Comunicação

Laura Fialho
Rua dos Timbiras, nº 2.072 – Lourdes – Belo Horizonte (MG)
(31) 3337-3087
(31) 9 8450-6006

Os sintomas iniciais da hanseníase podem ser sutis, o que frequentemente retarda o diagnóstico. Manchas esbranquiçadas ou avermelhadas na pele com perda de sensibilidade ao calor, frio, dor e tato são sinais característicos.

Além disso, áreas dormentes, formigamento, diminuição da força muscular e nódulos no corpo podem indicar a presença da doença.

A detecção precoce é essencial para evitar complicações mais graves, como deformidades físicas e incapacidades permanentes.

A hanseníase é transmitida por meio de gotículas de saliva e do contato próximo e frequente com indivíduos infectados.

Embora a maioria da população possua imunidade natural contra a bactéria, uma parcela significativa pode desenvolver a doença, especialmente em condições de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica.

O tratamento é eficaz, e interrompe a transmissão, permitindo a cura completa, quando iniciado precocemente.

A persistência de altos índices de hanseníase no Brasil está associada a fatores como bolsões de pobreza e falta de conhecimento sobre os sintomas.

“Reconhecer os sinais iniciais da hanseníase e procurar atendimento médico imediato são passos fundamentais para o controle da doença. A informação correta e a conscientização da população desempenham um papel crucial na redução dos casos e na eliminação do estigma associado à hanseníase”, destaca a dermatologista do hospital Felício Rocho, Monica de Cássia Zerbinatti.

O combate à hanseníase exige um esforço conjunto entre governo, profissionais de saúde e sociedade. Além de fortalecer o diagnóstico precoce e o acesso ao tratamento, é fundamental combater o preconceito que ainda cerca a doença, promovendo uma abordagem humanizada e inclusiva.

Com informação, conscientização e ações integradas, é possível reduzir os índices da doença no Brasil e garantir qualidade de vida para as pessoas afetadas.

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