Ato autoriza indígenas a usar etnia como sobrenome em registros

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Naturalidade da pessoa pode ser da aldeia ou do território onde nasceu

Felipe Pontes – Repórter da Agência Brasil

Publicado em 12/02/2025 – 13:37

Brasília

© Marcelo Camargo/Agência Brasil

As pessoas indígenas podem agora inserir em cartório, no registro civil, o nome de sua etnia como sobrenome.

É possível registrar também a naturalidade como sendo da aldeia ou do território onde a pessoa nasceu, ao lado do respectivo município onde a localidade está situada.

As novidades fazem parte de uma mudança na resolução que regulamenta o registro civil de indígenas nos cartórios brasileiros.

A alteração foi confirmada na terça-feira (11) pelo plenário do Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público (CNMP).

A atualização do ato normativo havia sido aprovada em dezembro também pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), órgão responsável por disciplinar a atuação dos cartórios.

A participação do CNMP decorre da atribuição do Ministério Público de proteger o interesse dos povos tradicionais, conforme determina a Constituição.

Após o referendo dos conselheiros do Ministério Público, o novo ato normativo foi assinado pelos presidentes do CNJ, Luís Roberto Barroso, e do CNMP, o procurador-geral da República, Paulo Gonet.

A nova norma vem “preservar o direito à identidade e à integridade cultural dos povos indígenas e o imperativo de respeito aos seus costumes, línguas, crenças e tradições”, disse o procurador da República.

Antes das alterações, era necessária a autorização de um juiz para que a etnia da pessoa indígena fosse inserida em seus documentos oficiais, como identidade e certidão de nascimento.

Agora, basta que o próprio indígena solicite a alteração diretamente em cartório.

Os novos registros poderão ser lavrados ainda em língua nativa, se assim for solicitado. Caso haja dúvida a respeito de grafias, o registrador poderá consultar duas pessoas que tenham domínio da língua em questão.  

Capacidade civil plena

A nova norma também acabou com o uso dos termos “integrado” e “não integrado”, que ainda apareciam nas certidões de nascimento de pessoas indígenas.

Para os conselheiros do CNJ que debateram o tema, tais termos não são compatíveis com a Constituição de 1988, segundo a qual não pode haver nenhuma condição que afete a capacidade civil plena dos indígenas.

Da mesma maneira, foi também extinta a exigência de apresentação do Registro Administrativo de Nascimento de Indígena (Rani), emitido pela Fundação Nacional dos Povos Indígenas (Funai).

Pela resolução anterior, agora revogada, o registrador civil poderia recusar o registro caso o documento não fosse apresentado.

A necessidade de se apresentar o Rani foi afastada após solicitação da própria Funai, que, em ofício enviado no início de dezembro ao CNJ, entendeu que o documento poderia representar um entrave burocrático no acesso a direitos básicos e políticas públicas pela população indígena.

Com a medida, espera-se que aumente o número de registros tardios de pessoas naturais, atraindo indígenas adultos sem nenhuma documentação para que obtenham a própria certidão de nascimento e passem a ter acesso a diversos serviços públicos.  

“O Rani foi criado em outro contexto, quando a Funai exercia tutela sobre os povos indígenas. Era preciso fazer essa adequação, uma vez que, hoje, nós temos uma Constituição Federal bastante clara em estabelecer que os povos indígenas são legítimos, tanto para defender seus direitos, como para a sua autonomia, em respeito às suas diferenças culturais, inclusive perante os órgãos públicos, para poderem incluir seus nomes e línguas indígenas”, declarou a presidente da Funai, Joenia Wapichana, após o CNJ ter acatado o pedido e promovido a mudança.

Em nota, a Funai defende que “sejam garantidos os meios próprios de autodeclaração e de heteroidentificação pelas comunidades indígenas para comprovação de pertencimento étnico”.

Dúvida

Segundo o CNMP, se duvidar que a pessoa é de fato indígena ao fazer o registro tardio, o registrador poderá exigir, entre outros, cumulada ou isoladamente:

– declaração de pertencimento à comunidade indígena, assinada por, pelo menos, três integrantes indígenas da respectiva etnia;

– informação de instituições representativas ou órgãos públicos que atuem e tenham atribuição de atuação nos territórios onde o interessado nasceu ou residiu, onde seu povo, grupo, clã ou família indígena de origem esteja situado e onde esteja sendo atendido pelo serviço de saúde.

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Edição:

Nádia Franco

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